Chronic Hepatitis D, also known as Hepatitis Delta, is a long-term liver disease caused by the Hepatitis D virus (HDV). It is a rare and serious form of hepatitis that occurs only in individuals who are already infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). HDV is a defective RNA virus that requires HBV for its replication.
Chronic Hepatitis D is characterized by persistent inflammation of the liver, which can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and sometimes hepatocellular carcinoma. The virus is primarily transmitted through blood contact, such as sharing needles or through unprotected sexual intercourse. It can also be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth.
The symptoms of Chronic Hepatitis D are similar to those of HBV infection and may include fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, and joint pain. However, Chronic Hepatitis D tends to progress more rapidly and has a higher likelihood of causing severe liver damage compared to Hepatitis B alone.
Treatment options for Chronic Hepatitis D are limited, and no specific antiviral therapy has been approved for this disease. However, individuals with Chronic Hepatitis D are often treated with a combination of antiviral medications used for HBV along with regular monitoring of liver function. In some cases, liver transplantation may be considered as a last resort.
Prevention of Chronic Hepatitis D involves vaccination against HBV, as HDV cannot replicate independently and requires HBV for its transmission. Additionally, practicing safe sex, avoiding sharing needles, and taking precautions to prevent blood contact are important preventive measures.
