Closed Ecologic Life Support Systems (CELSS) refers to intricate and self-sustaining ecological systems designed to provide life support for humans in environments where Earth's natural life support systems are absent or limited. These closed systems aim to mimic the natural biogeochemical cycles of Earth, thereby ensuring the survival and well-being of humans within isolated or confined habitats such as space stations, submarines, or even future lunar or Martian colonies.
In a CELSS, essential life-supporting resources such as oxygen, water, and food are recycled and regenerated, reducing or eliminating the need for external supplies. This is achieved through a combination of biological and physical processes. For instance, plants are grown within the system to produce oxygen through photosynthesis, while simultaneously absorbing carbon dioxide exhaled by the inhabitants. Water is collected from various sources, purified, and reused, reducing dependence on external sources. Additionally, waste generated by humans, both solid and liquid, is efficiently treated and transformed into usable resources, including nutrients for plant growth.
These systems greatly reduce the reliance on resupply missions and minimize waste production, making them essential for long-duration space missions or any isolated environment where regular resupply is not feasible. CELSS technology also holds promise for sustainable living on Earth, as it can contribute to solving resource depletion and environmental challenges such as water scarcity and waste management.
In summary, Closed Ecologic Life Support Systems are complex, self-sustaining ecological systems that provide vital life support for humans by recycling and regenerating essential resources within isolated or limited environments, reducing the need for external supplies and minimizing waste production.
