Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive medical procedure that uses high-energy shockwaves to break down kidney stones or other calculi formed within the body. This technique is primarily used to treat urinary stones, such as kidney stones, ureteral stones, or bladder stones.
During the procedure, the patient lies on a cushioned table or water bath, and a device called a lithotripter is positioned near the affected area. This lithotripter generates high-intensity shockwaves that are focused on the stone. These shockwaves penetrate through the body tissues, without causing harm, and target the stone to breakdown into smaller fragments.
The shockwaves are created with the help of an electromagnetic or electrohydraulic mechanism, which generates an acoustic wave that is then directed towards the stone. The device is adjusted to ensure the shockwaves are precisely focused on the stone, aiming to break it into small enough pieces that it can pass through the urinary tract naturally.
ESWL is a preferred treatment option for patients with small to medium-sized urinary stones, as it offers several advantages. It is non-invasive, meaning there is no need for surgical incisions, and generally has a short recovery period. It also avoids the risks and potential complications associated with surgery, making it a safer alternative for some individuals.
However, it is essential to note that ESWL may not be suitable or effective for treating larger or harder stones, as well as stones located in certain positions within the urinary system. In such cases, alternative treatments or procedures may be more appropriate.
