Free fatty acids refer to the unesterified form of fatty acids, meaning they exist in their free form without being attached to other molecules such as glycerol to form triglycerides or phospholipids. Fatty acids are the building blocks of lipids, which are essential components of living organisms and play various important roles in the body.
The term "free fatty acids" is often used to describe fatty acids that are released from stored fat reserves, such as adipose tissue, through a process called lipolysis. This typically occurs during periods of fasting or low energy intake when the body needs to break down triglycerides to provide energy. The released free fatty acids are then transported to other tissues where they are utilized as an energy source.
Free fatty acids can also be derived from the breakdown of dietary triglycerides during digestion in the intestines. Once absorbed, they are bound to a carrier molecule called serum albumin for transport through the bloodstream to different organs and tissues.
In addition to their role as an energy source, free fatty acids are involved in various biological processes. They serve as precursors for the synthesis of important molecules such as membrane lipids, signaling molecules, and hormones. Moreover, they can act as ligands for specific cellular receptors and modulate gene expression.
Free fatty acids are measured in laboratory analyses to assess the metabolic state of an individual. Elevated levels of free fatty acids in the blood, known as dyslipidemia, can be associated with conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, lower levels of free fatty acids may indicate an energy deficit or impaired lipolysis.
