Interferon Type II, also known as IFN-γ, is a type of signaling protein called a cytokine that plays a vital role in the immune response of vertebrates, including humans. It is synthesized and released primarily by activated T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in response to various stimuli, such as viral infections, parasites, and other immune challenges.
Interferon Type II is involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. It acts as a potent activator of macrophages, enhancing their phagocytic and microbicidal activities against intracellular pathogens. It also promotes the maturation of dendritic cells, which are important antigen-presenting cells that bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems.
Furthermore, Interferon Type II enhances the killing abilities of NK cells, which can directly target and eliminate infected cells. It also influences the differentiation and function of T cells, favoring a Th1 response characterized by the secretion of specific cytokines that further enhance immune responses against intracellular pathogens.
Interferon Type II is also involved in modulating the inflammatory response by inhibiting the production of certain pro-inflammatory molecules. This helps to prevent excessive tissue damage and regulate immune responses.
In addition to its immune-enhancing effects, Interferon Type II inhibits the growth and replication of certain viruses by interfering with their life cycles within host cells.
Overall, Interferon Type II plays an indispensable role in the immune system by promoting anti-microbial activities, modulating inflammation, and enhancing immune responses against intracellular pathogens.
