Ringhal, also commonly known as the "ring-necked spitting cobra," is a venomous snake species belonging to the family Elapidae. Its scientific name is Hemachatus haemachatus, and it is native to Sub-Saharan Africa. This snake species derives its name from the distinctive ring or band of color, usually yellow or light brown, encircling its neck.
The ringhal is a medium-sized snake, typically measuring around 1.2-1.5 meters in length, although some individuals can grow up to 1.8 meters. It has a relatively stout body, which is significantly thicker than other spitting cobras. The coloration of this reptile varies from dark brown to olive or grey, with a lighter underbelly.
One of the most notable features of the ringhal is its ability to spit venom. When threatened, the snake will assume a rearing position and aim its venom at the attacker's eyes, causing severe pain, temporary blindness, and possible permanent damage. Apart from spitting venom, the ringhal is also capable of delivering a venomous bite if cornered or provoked.
The diet of the ringhal primarily consists of rodents, frogs, and other small vertebrates. It is a nocturnal hunter and uses its keen sense of smell to locate prey. The ringhal displays mostly fossorial (burrowing) behavior and can be found in various habitats, including savannas, grasslands, and semi-arid regions.
Although the ringhal possesses venom that can be potentially life-threatening to humans, it plays a crucial ecological role in controlling rodent populations, which helps to maintain the balance of ecosystems where it resides.
