Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) is a virus belonging to the family Arteriviridae and the genus Arterivirus. It primarily infects nonhuman primates, particularly certain species of macaques, and has the potential to cause severe hemorrhagic fever-like symptoms in these animals.
The virus is typically transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids, such as blood or saliva, of infected primates. Once the virus enters the host's body, it primarily targets immune cells called macrophages, leading to a suppression of the immune system and subsequent widespread infection within the body.
Animals infected with Simian hemorrhagic fever virus often display clinical signs including fever, lethargy, anorexia, and gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, affected primates may experience internal bleeding, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract and lymphoid tissues, which can result in significant morbidity and mortality.
The diagnosis of Simian hemorrhagic fever virus infection is typically done through laboratory testing, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays or serological tests. Currently, there are no specific antiviral treatments available for this viral infection, and management primarily involves supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent secondary infections.
While Simian hemorrhagic fever virus primarily affects nonhuman primates, there have been instances of human infection, although these are rare and typically occur in laboratory settings or zoonotic transmission events. The virus is not believed to pose a significant threat to human health outside of these specific circumstances.
