Subacute Necrotising Myelitis is a rare neurological disorder characterized by the inflammation and necrosis (death) of the spinal cord. It is considered a subtype of acute transverse myelitis and shares similarities in clinical presentation and pathophysiology.
The term "subacute" refers to the relatively slow and progressive onset of symptoms, in contrast to the sudden and rapid onset seen in acute forms of the condition. "Necrotising" signifies the involvement of tissue necrosis, which refers to the death of cells or tissues.
The main feature of subacute necrotising myelitis is the inflammation and subsequent necrosis of the spinal cord, which can result in the destruction of nerve tissue and disruption of nerve signals. This leads to various neurological symptoms such as weakness, paralysis, sensory disturbances, and bowel or bladder dysfunction. The condition can affect any part of the spinal cord, leading to diverse symptom patterns depending on the specific area affected.
The exact cause of subacute necrotising myelitis remains unclear, although it is thought to involve an autoimmune response or an abnormal immune reaction to an infection. It can occur spontaneously or follow viral or bacterial infections, vaccinations, or other triggers.
Treatment typically involves a combination of immunosuppressive drugs, such as corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulin, to reduce inflammation and modulate the immune response. Rehabilitation therapies may also be necessary to manage any residual functional impairments.
Given its rarity, the understanding of subacute necrotising myelitis is still evolving, and further research is needed to elucidate its causes, risk factors, and optimal treatment approaches.
