Pronunciation: [sˈʌbɐkjˌuːt sklˈɛɹə͡ʊzɪŋ pˈe͡ɪnnsɪfˌalɪtˌa͡ɪdz] (IPA) 
Correct spelling for the English word "Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitides" is [sˈʌbɐkjˌuːt sklˈɛɹə͡ʊzɪŋ pˈe͡ɪnnsɪfˌalɪtˌa͡ɪdz], [sˈʌbɐkjˌuːt sklˈɛɹəʊzɪŋ pˈeɪnnsɪfˌalɪtˌaɪdz], [s_ˈʌ_b_ɐ_k_j_ˌuː_t s_k_l_ˈɛ_ɹ_əʊ_z_ɪ_ŋ p_ˈeɪ_n_n_s_ɪ_f_ˌa_l_ɪ_t_ˌaɪ_d_z] (IPA phonetic alphabet).
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, chronic, and progressive neurological disorder caused by the persistent infection of the brain with a particular strain of the measles virus. This condition primarily affects children and young adults who have previously had measles infection, usually several years prior to the onset of symptoms.
The characteristic features of SSPE include behavioral and personality changes, cognitive decline, seizures, progressive dementia, myoclonic jerks (brief involuntary muscle contractions), and eventually loss of motor function. These symptoms develop gradually over the course of months to years.
On a cellular level, SSPE is characterized by the destruction and infiltration of the brain's white matter by infected cells and immune system response, leading to the formation of hardened patches (sclerosis). The measles virus is not typically found circulating in the blood or other body fluids of individuals with SSPE, making diagnosis challenging.
There is currently no cure for SSPE, and treatment is primarily focused on managing symptoms and providing supportive care. Medications such as antiepileptic drugs may be used to control seizures, while physical therapy and assistive devices can help maintain mobility and function. The prognosis for individuals with SSPE is generally poor, with most patients experiencing a progressive decline in neurological function and eventual death, typically within 1 to 3 years from the onset of symptoms. However, some cases may have a more prolonged course of several years.
Prevention of SSPE is dependent on widespread vaccination against measles, as the condition only occurs in individuals who have had previous measles infection.
