Type VI Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy (FAP) is a rare, hereditary disease characterized by the accumulation and depositing of abnormal amyloid protein in various organs, particularly the peripheral nerves. FAP is classified as a type VI variant of familial amyloidosis, which is primarily caused by mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene.
In FAP, the amyloid protein, composed of misfolded TTR, forms clumps or deposits in nerve tissues, leading to the progressive dysfunction and damage of peripheral nerves. This can result in a wide range of symptoms, including numbness, tingling, weakness, and pain in the limbs, as well as gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Over time, FAP can lead to significant impairments in mobility, digestion, and other bodily functions.
The onset and severity of symptoms can vary widely among individuals, even within the same family affected by FAP. Typically, symptoms first appear during adulthood, usually between the ages of 30 and 50. FAP is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that a mutation in one copy of the TTR gene inherited from either parent is enough to cause the disease.
Due to the progressive nature of FAP and potential organ involvement, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the disease. Current treatment options for FAP primarily focus on reducing the production of abnormal TTR protein or stabilizing the protein to prevent its accumulation. Liver transplantation, which replaces the mutated TTR-producing liver with a healthy one, has shown promising results in halting or slowing down the disease progression in some cases. Ongoing research aims to improve understanding, diagnosis, and treatment options for individuals affected by Type VI Familial Amyloid Polyneurop
